Once again, shorthands for the short hand deprived:
G - Germany *** LN - League of Nations *** esp - especially *** b/w - between
Am - America *** B - British/Britain *** ME - Middle East *** gov't - government
F - France *** Jap - Japan *** Rus - Russia *** Sec - secretary
a.t.t. - according to the text *** ppl - people
23. US = rejects the Treaty of Versailles (remember bed-ridden president not letting Congres agree until all the Repulican add-ons were taken off?) therefore, the US was technically still at war with G, Austria, and Hungary.... ~> Peace finally achieved in July 1921 with Congress passing a joint resolution stating that the war had ended (756)
24. Harding + senate "irreconcibales" = remain against LN ~> finally send "observers" to Geneva, Switzerland because the new group, esp with the coming out of a World Health program, was too important to ignore and the US couldn't be left out (756)
25. Harding + isolationists = unable to dig themselves in a whole and block out the world because of the rising OIL (which was recognized as part of WWI victory -> Am wants to build up its store) CONCESSION argument and rivalry b/w Am and B, esp in the ME (756)
26. Harding = takes initiative on international issue of disarmament -> businesspeople clamor about paying for increased naval buildup and pressure the gov't to end it(757)
27. "Disarmament" Conference (1921-1922)
- invitees: all major naval powers (F, B, Italy, Jap)
- non-invitees: Bolshevik Rus -> their gov't was not recognized officially by the US
- goals: 1. naval disarmament & 2.Far East situation - rising power of Jap, Open Door in China, Philippines, etc (757)
28. Sec of State: Hughes - propses 10-yr break from all naval building, scraping of some already-built ships, and a battleship/plane equality ratio of 5(Am):5(B):3(Jap) ~> insults Jap by making them feel like they got a Ford instead of a Rolls-Royce (757)
Reminds me of duck-duck-goose..... You REALLY wanna be the duck...
29. Washington Conference foreign policy outcomes:
- B + AM = promise to not fortify East possession, including the Philippines 
- 5-Power Naval Treaty: embodied ship ratios with compensations to Jap
- 4-Power Treaty (replacement of Anglo-Jap alliance) - US, B, F, + Jap = promise to preserve pacific status quo
- 9-Power Treaty (1922): agreement to uphold the Open Door to China completely (757)
30. Diplomatic shortcomings of conference:
- no restrictions on small warships -> US lags behind
- US refuses to use armed forces to commit to the 4-Power Treaty, rendering it toothless (757 - 758)
31. Am ppl = continues to "omniously" believe that they were safe with wishful thinking and promises rather than weapons and realism (758)
32. Am public = call for "outlawing" of war -> underlying convitcion that pressured gov't to sign the Kellogg-Briand (F) Pact(1928) -> technically ended "agressive" war; ratified by 62 nations (758)
33. Pact -> still permitted defensive wars (758)
34. a.t.t, Kellogg-Briand pact = reflect Am willingness to be lured into a false sense of security ~> this mindset continued and got worse in 1930s with ostrich-like neutralism (758)
Lets Rethink That "First Flight"
Posted by
Seeing Red
Posted by
Or maybe these...
Or even this...
(Let us hope not...)
BUT! One must never forget the really biiiiig (and I mean REALLY big) scare of this era: RUSSIA!!!!!!!! Also known as, the Soviets.
At the end of WWI, a small communist party appeared in America. I mean, they were innocent little Socialists, only wanting the best for all. But isolationist, extremist America, scared out of their wits by the Bolshevik Revolution, saw every misdoing as a personal attack from the Soviets. Heck ,they even blamed strikes on Russian anarchists!
But that was just the beginning. From 1919 to 1920, an event called the RED SCAR
E came to be. Everyone was super physched out of their minds, especially with the example of Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer who rounded up to 6000 suspects and earned himself the title of "Fighting Quaker"...although later it got changed to "Quaking Fighter" after June 1919 when a bomb went of in his Washington house. This, of course, only made him go after more people so I guess he didn't get the message the bomber was trying to convey...
Aaaaaanyway, there are a few events that are pretty crucial to this *Red Scare* period.
The first was in late December 1919, on one chilly eve, 249 "alleged alien radicals" were ushered onto the Buford ("Soviet Ark") and deported to Russia. For serious! How would you feel once you finally got into America and past immigration just to be stuffed on a ship and shipped back so you could go be a serf again? It's totally not fair.
Next came the Wall Street bomb attack that killed 38 people and wounded hundreds more in September 1920. Interestingly enough, the investigation was inconclusive and remains so to this day. You think by now with all this fancy technology we'd be able to figure out some info behind one bomb.Then, again in 1920, 5 legally elected New York legislators were denied their seats in office just because they were Socialists.....which I find sort of ironic because if the people elected them, then obviously they represent something the people want...
During the Red Scare, many legislations got busy passing criminal syndicalism (a big word for rebellion movements) laws, which prohibited the advocation of violence for social change. This, as many critics pointed out, was a direct violation of the 1st Amendment. Plus, they added, it's only words, not the actual deeds. If anything, these laws benefited conservative businesspeople the most because they were able to crush Unions by calling them "Soviets in disguise".
So lastly, just to tie things up, even the main time of the red scare was over, prejudices facing immigrants still remained strong, as can be seen with the law case of Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti, two Italian, atheist, anarchist, draft dodger laborers (sheesh they just have everything working against them, don't they) accused of double homicide. Thanks to all the chaos and tension, their sentence ended up being the death penalty rather then a simple life-in-prison sort of thing. However, the death of this two men gave Communists and radicals martyred examples to shove in America's face.
Well, here I must pass it on. But just for laughs and giggles, look at this picture:
If this won't stop you from pirating, I don't know what will.
Ch 31: Questions 46 - 51
Posted byN.B. To all those shorthand deprived:
WW - President Wilson PM - Prime Minister B - Britain
LN - League of Nations b/w - between --> - "lead to"
G - Germany F - France Am - America(n)
An Idealist Battles the Imperialists in Paris
46. Big Four at Paris Peace Conference - WW (US), Premier Vittorio Orlando (Italy), PM David Lloyd George (B), and Premier George " The Tiger" Clemenceau (F) (719 - 720)
47. WW's ultimate goal: a world parliament - League of Nations (720)
48. Compromise b/w WW idealism and naked imperialism: victors would not parcel out and annex conquered territory; instead, all land would be awarded to countires through the LN......--> in reality just a replay of prewar colonialism (720)
Hammering Out the Treaty
49. "irreconcilbles" or "battalion of death" = R militant isolationists led by William Borah (ID) + Hiram Johnson (CA) - against LN --> enabled opposition to WW to gain an upper ground ~> forces WW to beg in order to safeguard Am principles (Monroe Doctrine, etc) (721)
The Peace Treaty that Bred a New War
50. WW = forced to compromise until the Treaty of Versailles contained 4/23 principles ~> all in protection of growing LN (722)
51. G = disappointed + felt betrayed by WW. merits of treaty - liberation of oppressed minorities from foreign regimes (722)
"Foreign" Policy
Posted byAnd Hero Wilson returns with two more acts that represent his huge anti-imperialism and anti-foreign...ism....
And there are! (drum roll please)
->1<- Panama Tolls Act of 1912 and its repeal of 1914 - oops, that sort of gave it away didn't it? Well, Americans were exempt from coastal tolls in interstate shipping in the Panama Tolls Act under Taft. Now Hero Wilson knew this wasn't fair so he had it repealed in 1914 once he got in power.
->2<- Jones Act of 1916 - implemented by anti-imperialistic Hero Wilson, under this act the Philippines gained a territorial status and was promised independence as a soon as a stable government arose (which, of course, didn't until 30 years later).Well, I hope you enjoyed learning about America's Heroes. I finished with 30 minutes to spare. Ha. take that all you AP US slackers who do it the day of!!! Mwahahahahaha...zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz....
1. Desert Land Act of 1877 - the government sold dry, arid land cheaply to Americans on
one condition: that the land be irrigated within three years.2. Forest Reserve Act of 1891 - trees were saved by the millions when this act granted the president the power to create national parks out of public forests.
3. Carey Act of 1894 - almost a
complete copy of the Desert Land Act, this act led to the distribution of federal lands to be irrigated and settled4. Newlands Act of 1902 - in order to not have mass spending of money and in order to have sufficient funds to complete what was required in three years, the money used to purchase the arid lands were used to fund the building of irrigation
Nouve Federal Agencies
Posted byChildren's Bureau (1912) & Women's Bureau (1920) - improved conditions for both women and children but it's most important effect was actually creating a "wedge" in America's bureaucracy that allowed women to speak out on a national level.
The government didn't let itself be shown up by a group of women and soon followed with three super-duper important acts that set a precedent for modern institutions:
Federal Reserve Act (1913) - created a federal Reserve Board that oversaw the nationwide economy by dividing the U.S. into 12 regional reserve districts and making one central bank for each. It's biggest accomplishment, unforeseen by even hero Wilson himself, was keeping the American economy afloat during and after WWI.
Federal Trade Commission Act (1914) -
granted a governemnt commission the power to search, root out, and end with corrupt trade practices in interstate commerce. This, of course, was an attempt to end monopolisim and increase the number of opportnities for other businesses.
Federal Farm Loan Act (1916) - by Populist demands, credit at low rates became avaliable to farmers, which allowed them to loan more often adn therefore get some money to start producing more. If there was a negative effect it would be the possibilty of them being unable to pay back the loan and therefore haveing their farm foreclosed.